Cygwin介绍：
Cygwin是一个在windows平台上执行的类UNIX模拟环境。它对于学习UNIX/操作环境，或者从UNIX到Windows的应用程序移植，或者进行某些特殊的开发工作，尤其是使用GNU工具集在Windows上进行，很实用。
由于要学习hadoop分布式文件系统，想在window下模拟linux环境进行部署。
所以想到用cygwin工具。
先将几个我在安装过程中遇到的问题：
1.安装时最好明白自己要安装那些服务。依据自己的实际须要而定，我一次安装就由于漏选了openssh，后来重装了。
2.重装能够不用先卸载。直接点击setup.exe,进行安装，
3.那个选择下载网站就选默认的就好了http://mirrons.163.com。
4.安装ssh服务时配置无password是总是出错
错误例如以下：删掉.ssh目录，用password登陆也是不成功。试了好几次，也重装了cygwin64位还是无效，最后安装cygwin32位的才干够。
Administrator@L ~$ cd ~/.sshAdministrator@L~/.ssh$ ssh localhostAdministrator@localhost's password: 2 [main] sshd 3804 D:\SofeWare\cygwin\usr\sbin\sshd.exe: *** fatal error - NtCreateEvent(lock): 0xC0000058Connection to localhost closed.注意配置 ssh的时候，yes/no的选择要小心点，不小心就会出错。
Administrator@L ~$ ssh-host-config*** Info: Generating missing SSH host keysssh-keygen: generating new host keys: RSA1 RSA DSA ECDSA ED25519*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file*** Info: StrictModes is set to 'yes' by default.*** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX*** Info: permissions of the user's home directory, the user's .ssh*** Info: directory, and the user's ssh key files are tight so that*** Info: only the user has write permissions.*** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don't work well with default*** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the*** Info: 'noacl' option, and they don't work at all if the home*** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition.*** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) no*** Info: Privilege separation is set to 'sandbox' by default since*** Info: OpenSSH 6.1. This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set*** Info: to 'yes' or 'no'.*** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account*** Info: called 'sshd'.*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] ntsec*** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the*** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability*** Info: sshd requires. You need to have or to create a privileged*** Info: account. This script will help you do so.*** Info: It's not possible to use the LocalSystem account for services*** Info: that can change the user id without an explicit password*** Info: (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key authentication]*** Info: via sshd) when having to create the user token from scratch.*** Info: For more information on this requirement, see*** Info: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html#ntsec-nopasswd1*** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create*** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless such an account*** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special*** Info: servers.*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account*** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.*** Info: No privileged account could be found.*** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'.*** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services.*** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no*** Query: Create new privileged user account 'LYX\cyg_server' (Cygwin name: 'cyg_server')? (yes/no) no*** ERROR: There was a serious problem creating a privileged user.*** Query: Do you want to proceed anyway? (yes/no) noAdministrator@L ~$ ssh-host-config*** Info: Generating missing SSH host keys*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/ssh_config file? (yes/no) yes*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/sshd_config file? (yes/no) yes*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file*** Info: StrictModes is set to 'yes' by default.*** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX*** Info: permissions of the user's home directory, the user's .ssh*** Info: directory, and the user's ssh key files are tight so that*** Info: only the user has write permissions.*** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don't work well with default*** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the*** Info: 'noacl' option, and they don't work at all if the home*** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition.*** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) yes*** Info: Privilege separation is set to 'sandbox' by default since*** Info: OpenSSH 6.1. This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set*** Info: to 'yes' or 'no'.*** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account*** Info: called 'sshd'.*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] netsec*** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the*** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability*** Info: sshd requires. You need to have or to create a privileged*** Info: account. This script will help you do so.*** Info: It's not possible to use the LocalSystem account for services*** Info: that can change the user id without an explicit password*** Info: (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key authentication]*** Info: via sshd) when having to create the user token from scratch.*** Info: For more information on this requirement, see*** Info: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html#ntsec-nopasswd1*** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create*** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless such an account*** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special*** Info: servers.*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account*** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.*** Info: No privileged account could be found.*** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'.*** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services.*** Query: Do you want to use a different name?
(yes/no) yes *** Query: Enter the new user name: l *** Query: Reenter: l *** Query: Create new privileged user account 'LYX\lyx' (Cygwin name: 'l')?
(yes/no) yes *** Info: Please enter a password for new user lyx. Please be sure *** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system. *** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration. *** Query: Please enter the password: *** Query: Reenter: *** Warning: Creating the user 'l' failed! Reason: ▒û▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ƿ▒▒Բ▒ͬ▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒ NET HELPMSG 2253 ▒Ի▒ø▒▒▒İ▒▒▒▒▒ *** ERROR: There was a serious problem creating a privileged user. *** Query: Do you want to proceed anyway? (yes/no) yes *** Warning: Expected privileged user 'lyx' does not exist. *** Warning: Defaulting to 'SYSTEM' *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem *** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call *** Info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise, it *** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot. *** Warning: Host configuration exited with 1 errors or warnings! *** Warning: Make sure that all problems reported are fixed, *** Warning: then re-run ssh-host-config. Administrator@LYX ~ $ ssh localhost The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:5/i9vvXBBfiqhzLrekd9uqPPhKz7NC+9zNwcWLn+qhk. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. Administrator@localhost's password: Administrator@LYX ~ $ who Administrator pty1 2015-07-24 09:39 (::1)
安装教材：
网上安装教材非常多。我就不赘述了。